手写 Promise
tip
手写 Promise 之前务必阅读 Promise A+ 规范,如果有精力最好自己能翻译一遍。
const PENDING = 'pending'
const FULFILLED = 'fulfilled'
const REJECTED = 'rejected'
class Promise {
constructor(executor) {
// state 的初始状态为等待态
this.state = PENDING
// 成功的值 (1.3)
this.value = undefined
// 失败的原因 (1.5)
this.reason = undefined
// 因为 then 在相同的 promise 可以被调用多次,所以需要将所有的 onFulfilled 存到数组 (2.2.6)
this.onResolvedCallbacks = []
// 因为 then 在相同的 promise 可以被调用多次,所以需要将所有的 onRejected 存到数组 (2.2.6)
this.onRejectedCallbacks = []
const resolve = (value) => {
// 只有当前是 pending,才可能转换为 fulfilled
// 并且不能再转换成其他任何状态,且必须拥有一个不可变的值
if (this.state === PENDING) {
this.state = FULFILLED
this.value = value
// onFulfilled 回调按原始调用顺序依次执行 (2.2.6.1)
this.onResolvedCallbacks.forEach((fn) => fn())
}
}
const reject = (reason) => {
// 只有当前是 pending,才可能转换为 rejected
// 并且不能再转换成其他任何状态,且必须拥有一个不可变的原因
if (this.state === PENDING) {
this.state = REJECTED
this.reason = reason
// onRejectec 回调按原始调用顺序依次执行 (2.2.6.1)
this.onRejectedCallbacks.forEach((fn) => fn()) // (2.2.6.2)
}
}
// 若 executor 报错,直接执行 reject()
try {
executor(resolve, reject)
} catch (err) {
reject(err)
}
}
then(onFulfilled, onRejected) {
// onFulfilled 和 onRejected 都是可选参数 (2.2.1)
// 如果 onFulfilled 不是函数,则必须将它忽略 (2.2.1.1)
onFulfilled =
typeof onFulfilled === 'function' ? onFulfilled : (value) => value
// 如果 onRejected 不是函数,则必须将它忽略 (2.2.1.2)
onRejected =
typeof onRejected === 'function'
? onRejected
: (err) => {
throw err
}
// 为了做到链式调用,规定每个 then 方法必须返回一个 promise,称为 promise2
const promise2 = new Promise((resolve, reject) => {
// 在 promise 完成后方可调用 onFulfilled (2.2.2)
if (this.state === FULFILLED) {
// onFulfilled/onRejected 必须被异步调用,因此我们用延时函数模拟 (2.2.4)
setTimeout(() => {
try {
// value 作为完成函数的第一个参数 (2.2.2.1)
// onFulfilled 函数被记做 x (2.2.7.1)
const x = onFulfilled(this.value)
resolvePromise(promise2, x, resolve, reject)
} catch (e) {
// 如果 onFulfilled/onRejected 抛出异常,则 promise2 必须拒绝执行,并返回拒因 e (2.2.7.2)
reject(e)
}
}, 0)
}
// 在 promise 被拒绝后方可调用 onRejected (2.2.3)
if (this.state === REJECTED) {
// onFulfilled/onRejected 必须被异步调用,因此我们用延时函数模拟 (2.2.4)
setTimeout(() => {
try {
// reason 作为拒绝函数的第一个参数 (2.2.3.1)
// onRejected 函数被记做 x (2.2.7.1)
const x = onRejected(this.reason)
resolvePromise(promise2, x, resolve, reject)
} catch (e) {
// 如果 onFulfilled/onRejected 抛出异常,则 promise2 必须拒绝执行,并返回拒因 e (2.2.7.2)
reject(e)
}
}, 0)
}
if (this.state === PENDING) {
this.onResolvedCallbacks.push(() => {
// onFulfilled/onRejected 必须被异步调用,因此我们用延时函数模拟 (2.2.4)
setTimeout(() => {
try {
const x = onFulfilled(this.value)
resolvePromise(promise2, x, resolve, reject)
} catch (e) {
// 如果 onFulfilled/onRejected 抛出异常,则 promise2 必须拒绝执行,并返回拒因 e (2.2.7.2)
reject(e)
}
}, 0)
})
this.onRejectedCallbacks.push(() => {
// onFulfilled/onRejected 必须被异步调用,因此我们用延时函数模拟 (2.2.4)
setTimeout(() => {
try {
const x = onRejected(this.reason)
resolvePromise(promise2, x, resolve, reject)
} catch (e) {
// 如果 onFulfilled/onRejected 抛出异常,则 promise2 必须拒绝执行,并返回拒因 e (2.2.7.2)
reject(e)
}
}, 0)
})
}
})
// 返回 promise2 (2.2.7)
return promise2
}
// catch 实际是 then 的语法糖
catch(fn) {
return this.then(null, fn)
}
finally(fn) {
return this.then(
(value) => Promise.resolve(fn()).then(() => value),
(reason) =>
Promise.resolve(fn()).then(() => {
throw reason
}),
)
}
}
const resolvePromise = (promise2, x, resolve, reject) => {
// 如果 promise 和 x 指向同一个对象,将以 TypeError 作为拒因拒绝执行 promise (2.3.1)
if (x === promise2) {
return reject(new TypeError('Chaining cycle detected for promise'))
}
// onFulfilled 和 onRejected 只能被调用一次,因此这里加一个 flag 作为判断 (2.2.2.3 & 2.2.3.3)
let isCalled = false
// 如果 x 是一个对象或者是一个函数 (2.3.3)
if (x !== null && (typeof x === 'object' || typeof x === 'function')) {
try {
// (2.3.3.1)
const then = x.then
// 如果 then 是函数,就以 x 作为 this 调用它 (2.3.3.2 & 2.3.3.3)
if (typeof then === 'function') {
// 后面接收两个回调,第一个是成功的回调,第二个是失败的回调 (2.3.3.3)
then.call(
x,
(y) => {
if (isCalled) return
isCalled = true
// 如果 resolvePromise 以 y 为参数被调用,执行 [[Resolve]](promise, y) (2.3.3.3.1)
resolvePromise(promise2, y, resolve, reject)
},
(r) => {
if (isCalled) return
isCalled = true
// 如果 rejectPromise 以 r 为原因被调用,则以拒因 r 拒绝 promise (2.3.3.3.2)
reject(r)
},
)
} else {
// 如果 then 不是个函数,则以 x 为参数执行 promise (2.3.3.4)
resolve(x)
}
} catch (e) {
if (isCalled) return
isCalled = true
// 如果取 x.then 报错,则以 e 为拒因拒绝 `promise` (2.3.3.2)
reject(e)
}
}
// 如果 then 不是个函数或者对象,则以 x 为参数执行 promise (2.3.4)
else {
resolve(x)
}
}
// Promise.resolve
Promise.resolve = function (promises) {
if (promises instanceof Promise) {
return promises
}
return new Promise((resolve, reject) => {
if (promises && promises.then && typeof promises.then === 'function') {
setTimeout(() => {
promises.then(resolve, reject)
})
} else {
resolve(promises)
}
})
}
// Promise.reject
Promise.reject = (reason) => new Promise((resolve, reject) => reject(reason))
// Promise.all
Promise.all = (promises) => {
return new Promise((resolve, reject) => {
let resolvedCounter = 0
let n = promises.length
const resolvedValues = []
promises.forEach((promise, i) => {
Promise.resolve(promise).then(
(value) => {
resolvedCounter++
resolvedValues[i] = value
if (resolvedCounter === n) {
return resolve(resolvedValues)
}
},
(reason) => {
return reject(reason)
},
)
})
})
}
// Promise.race
Promise.race = (promises) => {
return new Promise((resolve, reject) => {
promises.forEach((promise) => {
Promise.resolve(promises[i]).then(
(data) => {
resolve(data)
return
},
(err) => {
reject(err)
return
},
)
})
})
}
// Promise.allSettled
Promise.allSettled = function (promises) {
return new Promise(function (resolve) {
const n = promises.length
const res = []
let count = 0
promises.forEach((promise, i) => {
Promise.resolve(promise)
.then((value) => {
res[i] = {
status: FULFILLED,
value,
}
count++
if (count === n) {
resolve(res)
}
})
.catch((reason) => {
res[i] = {
status: REJECTED,
reason: reason,
}
count++
if (count === n) {
resolve(res)
}
})
})
resolve(res)
})
}
// Promise.any
Promise.any = function (promises) {
return new Promise((resolve, reject) => {
const n = promises.length
const rejected = []
let count = 0
promises.forEach((promise) => {
Promise.resolve(promise)
.then((val) => resolve(val))
.catch((e) => {
rejected.push(e)
if (++count === n) {
return reject(rejects)
}
})
})
})
}
最后安装 yarn global add promises-aplus-tests
,在文件中插入下面这段代码,然后使用 promises-aplus-tests 该文件的文件名
来验证你手写的 Promise 是否符合 Promises A+ 规范。
Promise.defer = Promise.deferred = function () {
let dfd = {}
dfd.promise = new Promise((resolve, reject) => {
dfd.resolve = resolve
dfd.reject = reject
})
return dfd
}
module.exports = Promise